Stem Cell Transplants

Our treatment focuses on Stem Cell Transplants (SCT), a proven method for addressing blood cancers and diseases that affect the bone marrow. In the past, these procedures were called Bone Marrow Transplants (BMT) because stem cells were collected directly from the bone marrow, which was more invasive. Today, thanks to advancements in medicine, we can collect stem cells from the bloodstream instead, making the process less invasive. While the term "BMT" is still often used, SCTs are now the standard and provide an effective way to treat these diseases.

At CTAC we specialize in treating a range of canine blood cell cancers and other bone marrow disorders.

What are Stem Cell Transplants (SCTs)?

Stem Cell Transplants (SCTs) are an advanced treatment that harnesses the regenerative power of stem cells to replace damaged or diseased bone marrow. These transplants allow us to restore healthy blood cell production, an essential step to improving quality of life and increasing the survival rates of dogs with blood cancers. SCTs have revolutionized traditional Bone Marrow Transplants by offering a less invasive and more efficient procedure while delivering life-saving results. Our doctors and staff are world experts in the use of this procedure in small and large dogs.

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Treatment Plan

Each transplant is carefully planned to meet the specific needs of the patient, beginning with the selection of the stem cell source.

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Autologous

Uses the patient’s own stem cells

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Allogeneic

Uses stem cells from a matched donor

What is the process like?

1

Diagnosis and chemotherapy

Before starting SCT treatment, it is ideal, though not mandatory, for dogs to be in clinical remission (showing no signs of cancer). Achieving remission typically involves chemotherapy before proceeding with SCT.

2

Finding a match

When a dog is being considered for SCT, we recommend determining if a family member is a suitable donor. This involves special blood tests on the dog and its family members. Ideally, the mother, sire, and littermates are considered as potential matches. If a suitable donor is not identified, an autologous transplant may be considered.

3

High Dose cyclophosphamide (chemotherapy)

Once remission is confirmed, SCT treatment involves a high dose of cyclophosphamide, an injectable chemotherapy drug typically administered by the referring veterinarian two weeks before the scheduled procedure.

4

Hospitalization & SCT

Two weeks after receiving cyclophosphamide, dogs are admitted to CTAC for a thorough evaluation, followed by stem cell collection. Once this is done, they undergo total body radiation and are hospitalized for 2–3 weeks.

5

At home recovery

Once cleared to go home, the dog will need time to rest and fully recover. At CTAC, we send a very detailed recheck schedule to the referring veterinarian outlining the appointment schedule to ensure a continued safe recovery in the ensuing weeks.

Learn more about what to expect

Is a hematopoietic stem cell transplant right for your dog?

While SCT carries some risks and requires a commitment from both owners and veterinary professionals, it remains one of the most promising treatments in the fight against blood cancers in dogs. SCT has seen increasing success rates over many decades. In fact, dogs have been the model for developing these treatments in humans for many years before it was available for client-owned pets.

Success depends on factors like the dog's overall health, the type of cancer, the effectiveness of prior treatments, and the ability to find a donor. If you or your veterinarian has any questions about BMT, please contact us.

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